Instrumentos, medidas, procedimientos y procedencia de los estudios producidos para la detección del engaño a través de medidas psicofisiológicas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.20Palabras clave:
falso testimonio, psicología, psicología criminal, diagnóstico psicológico, pericia psicológicaResumen
Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo identificar los instrumentos, medidas, procedimientos y procedencia de los estudios producidos para la detección del engaño a través de medidas psicofisiológicas, en los últimos cinco años (2011-2016). Para ello, se procedió a realizar una revisión de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos, ejecutando un análisis descriptivo de datos conforme a las categorías generadas para este fin. Se apreció que el electroencefalograma y la resonancia magnética funcional han empezado a utilizarse para tal fin, y el primero es el empleado con mayor frecuencia. El procedimiento de potenciales relacionados con eventos es el más utilizado actualmente para la detección del engaño en el campo de la psicofisiología. No se hallaron estudios realizados en países de habla hispana, y se identifica a Estados Unidos, China e Inglaterra como los principales generadores de conocimiento en este campo. Los estudios actuales muestran un énfasis en conocer los procesos cerebrales que se producen al momento de engañar. No obstante, estos avances también abren un debate ético sobre las implicaciones frente a la libertad humana y a la no autoincriminación.
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