Factores protectores y de riesgo asociados a las conductas delictivas en adolescentes: una revisión sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.295Palabras clave:
Delincuencia Juvenil, factores de la delincuencia juvenil, adolescentes, análisis de riesgo, conductas de riesgo en adolescentesResumen
La delincuencia juvenil implica la concreción de conductas tipificadas como delito según un marco legal, por una población exenta de responsabilidades jurídicas plenas. Dados los cambios biológicos, cognitivos y sociales que confluyen durante la adolescencia, es preciso que desde la psicología se enriquezca el contexto teórico sobre las variables que inciden en la aparición de conductas tipificadas como delito durante este periodo vital. Por tal razón, el presente trabajo tuvo por objetivo describir los factores de riesgo y de protección para la manifestación de conductas delictivas durante la adolescencia. El método desarrollado consistió en una revisión sistemática de la literatura, concretamente de artículos empíricos publicados en español e inglés en las bases de datos Scopus y Redalyc en una ventana de tiempo comprendida entre enero de 1998 y junio de 2019. Como resultado se encontró un total de 2,202 estudios, después del proceso de cribado y verificación de los criterios de exclusión e inclusión se seleccionaron 41 artículos como unidades de análisis. Con base en el modelo ecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987), en la lectura a texto completo de los artículos seleccionados se identificaron 16 factores de riesgo en el microsistema y cuatro en el exosistema, además de 13 factores de la dimensión personal. Del mismo modo, se hallaron factores de protección, siete enmarcados en el microsistema, uno en el exosistema, y siete dentro de la dimensión personal. La discusión de los resultados está centrada en las consideraciones a tener en cuenta en los programas de prevención e intervención de las conductas tipificadas como delito en la adolescencia.
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