La neurobiología del asesino: aspectos neuroanatómicos, genéticos, bioquímicos, extrínsecos y sociales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.370Palabras clave:
Asesinos, trastornos del comportamiento, neurología forense, conducta criminal, psicopatologíaResumen
El cuestionamiento del por qué alguien querría asesinar a otra persona aún no tiene una respuesta única: ¿supervivencia, odio, placer, venganza? Frente a este fenómeno, las neurociencias ofrecen un espacio de comprensión relevante y actual para dar respuesta a este interrogante. Diversos estudios clínicos y en neuroimagen han mostrado diversas alteraciones anatómicas, bioquímicas, genéticas y su relación con una variedad de redes neuronales asociadas a conductas agresivas. Subregiones en
la corteza prefrontal, la amígdala, el hipocampo y el lóbulo temporal juegan un papel importante en el desarrollo y el funcionamiento de la biología de la agresión. Variaciones genéticas en la regulación de proteínas y neurotransmisores tales como la serotonina y la dopamina han sido establecidas como mediadores en las conductas agresivas y homicidas. Las interacciones epigenéticas y los mediadores sociales representan importantes factores de riesgo adicionales para la agresividad. El presente artículo sistematiza algunos de los factores que influyen en la conducta homicida. Delimita sus factores de riesgo y correlato neurobiológico, así como aporta información basada en evidencia que ayude en la prevención de dichos comportamientos, la comprensión multidimensional del delito y el desarrollo de intervenciones efectivas fundamentadas en las neurociencias cognitivas forenses.
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