Historical construction of the juridical treatment of adolescent offenders in Colombian criminal law (1837-2010)

Abstract

This article is aimed at offering a historical review of the juridical treatment given to adolescents having infringed Colombian criminal law since the 19th century to our days, as well as describing both the procedure and methods of correction applied and the emergence of the fist youth corrective establishments created to treat these youngsters. In Colombia, in the 19th century, when adolescents broke criminal law, no juridical or sanctionatory treatments were envisaged other than those given to adults, neither any attention was paid to the minor’s special physical and psychic development conditions, just as if the category of “child” as a subject did not exist. In 1920, a specialized jurisdiction was created for adolescents having infringed criminal law. Despite the fact that a different treatment was granted to them, they were still seen as object of protection rather than subject to law. Finally, from the Child Rights Convention (“Convención de los Derechos del Niño”) ratified by Colombia by means of Act (“Ley”) 12 of 1991, a “subject to law” is mentioned. However, there is still evidence of thinking systems persisting in a vision of the adolescent subject as object of protection and a treatment based on discipline accompanied by serious violations of the fundamental rights of adolescents having broken criminal law. This research will show the emergence and historical advance of the social, legislative, procedural and correctional treatment or minor offenders of criminal law, looking to bring into light institutionalized thinking systems regarding treatment of adolescents deemed to have overcome their criminal life but having persisted in crime in the course of history.