Impact of the pandemic and confinement measures on lethal violence against women in Mexico and Colombia

Authors

  • Martha Elisa Nateras González Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, Toluca, México
  • Paula Andrea Valencia Londoño Universidad de Medellín Medellín, Colombia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.514

Keywords:

Violence, crime, gender-based violence, pandemic, femicide, Covid-19

Abstract

The health emergency caused by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to limitations and changes in mobility that transformed the behaviour of both society in general and criminal actors in articular, with an impact on crime rates. This led some analysts to consider the possibility of a “rebound effect on crime” after the end of the pandemic’s safe haven. The aim of this article is to review the impact of the pandemic and its confinement measures on lethal violence against women in Mexico and Colombia. To do so, through a descriptive statistical exercise, we analyse the trend in homicide behaviour in both countries disaggregated by gender, focusing the analysis on 2019, 2020 and 2021, years considered as pre-pandemic, pandemic and post-pandemic periods. The findings demonstrate the lack of evidence of a significant increase in homicide, female homicide and femicide offences relative to the pre-pandemic period. Homicides of women and femicides show a continuity in the chain of violence against women throughout their lives.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Aebi, M. F., Molnar, L. y Baquerizas, F. (2021). Against All Odds, Femicide Did Not Increase During the First Year of the Covid-19 Pandemic: Evidence from Six Spanish-Speaking Countries. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 37(4), 615-644. https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862211054237

Asociación La Sur (s. f.). Feminicidio. http://feminicidio.net/

Akers, R. (1997). Criminological theories: Introduction and evaluation (2nd ed.). Roxbury Publishing.

Alvarado, N., Norza, E., Perez-Vincent, S., Tobón, S. y Vanegas-Arias, M. (2020). Evolución de la seguridad ciudadana en Colombia en tiempos del Covid-19. Banco Interamericano del Desarrollo. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002780

Anderson, A. y Bushman, B. (2002). Human Aggression. Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 27-51. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.53.100901.135231

Balmori, J. R., Hoehn-Velasco, L. y Silverio-Murillo, A. (2020). Druglords don’t stay at home: Covid-19 pandemic and crime patterns in Mexico City. Journal of criminal justice, (72), 101745. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3667160

Balmori, J., Hoehn-Velasco, L. y Silverio-Murillo, A. (2021). The U-shaped crime recovery during Covid-19: evidence from national crime rates in Mexico. Crime Science, 10(1), 14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00147-8

Boman, J. y Gallupe, O. (2020). Has Covid-19 changed crime? Crime rates in the United States during the pandemic. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 45(4), 537-545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09551-3

Buil-Gil, D., Zeng, Y. y Kemp, S. (2021). Offline crime bounces back to pre-COVID levels, cyber stays high: interrupted time-series analysis in Northern Ireland. Crime Science, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00162-9

Butler, J. (Marzo 6 de 2020). Capitalism Has Its Limits. Verso. https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/4603-capitalism-has-its-limits

Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos – CIDH. (16 de noviembre de 2009). Sentencia caso González y otras (“Campo Algodonero”) vs. México. http://www.diputados.gob.mx/sedia/biblio/virtual/centros/CEAMEG/01_Sentencia-Completa.pdf

Chan, H. C., Heide, K. y Beauregard, E. (2011). What propels sexual murderers: a proposed integrated theory of social learning and routine activities theories. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 55(2), 228-250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X10361317

Cohen, L. y Felson, M. (1979). Social Change and Crime Rate Trends: A Routine Activity Approach. American Sociological Review, 44(4), 588-608. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094589

Collins, R. (2008). Violence: A micro-sociological theory. Princeton University Press.

Crabbé, A., Decoene, S. y Vertommen, H. (2008). Profiling homicide offenders: A review of assumptions and theories. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 13, 88-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2008.01.001

Echeburúa, E. y Amor, P. (2010). Perfil psicopatológico e intervención terapéutica con los agresores contra la pareja. Revista española de medicina legal, 36(3), 117-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-4732(10)70040-7

Estévez-Soto, P. (2021). Crime and Covid-19: effect of changes in routine activities in Mexico City. Crime Science, 10(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-021-00151-y

Felson, M., Jiang, S. y Xu, Y. (2020). Routine activity effects of the Covid-19 pandemic on burglary in Detroit, March, 2020. Crime Science, 9(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40163-020-00120-x

Fuller, N. (2008). La perspectiva de género y la criminología: una relación prolífica. Tabula Rasa, (8), 97-110. https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=39600805

Glenn, A. L. y Raine, A. (2009). Psychopathy and instrumental aggression: Evolutionary, neurobiological, and legal perspectives. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32, 253-258.

González, C. (2020). Violencia de género en tiempos de Covid-19. CIDE.

Heidensohn, F. (1985). Women and Crime. MacMillan. Hoehn-Velasco, L., Silverio-Murillo, A. y Balmoride la Miyar, J. (2021). The great crime recovery: Crimes against women during, and after, the Covid-19 lockdown in Mexico. Economics & Human Biology, 41, 100991. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ehb.2021.100991

Horning, A., Salfati, G. y Crawford, K. (2010). Prior Crime Specialization and Its Relationship to Homicide Crime Scene Behavior Type. Homicide Studies, 14(4), 377-399. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1088767910382833?journalCode=hsxa

Huertas, O. y Jiménez, N. (2016). Feminicidio en Colombia: reconocimiento de fenómeno social a delito. Pensamiento Americano, 9(16), 110-120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21803%2Fpenamer.9.16.341

Iesue, L., Casanova, F. y Piquero, A. (2021). Domestic violence during a global pandemic: Lockdown policies and their impacts across Guatemala. Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice, 37(4), 589-614. https://doi.org/10.1177/10439862211044867

Instituto Nacional de Estadística, Geografía e Informática (INEGI, 2022). Datos abiertos. Defunciones por homicidio. https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/olap/consulta/general_ver4/MDXQueryDatos.asp?c=

Joas, H. (2005). Guerra y modernidad: estudios sobre la historia de la violencia en el siglo XX. Paidós.

Krishnakumar, A. y Verma, S. (2021). Understanding domestic violence in India during Covid-19: A routine activity approach. Asian Journal of Criminology, 16(1), 19-35. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-020-09340-1

Lagarde, M. (2006). Del femicidio al feminicidio. Desde el Jardín de Freud (6), 216-225. https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/jardin/article/view/8343

Monárrez, J. E. (2011). Violencia de género. Palabras clave para el análisis de la violencia comunitaria en el feminicidio chihuahuense. En Sanmartín Esplugues et al., Reflexiones sobre la violencia. Siglo XXI e Instituto Reina Sofía.

Nateras, M. (2021). Aproximación teórica para entender la violencia desde un enfoque crítico. Telos, 23(2), 305-324. https://doi.org/10.36390/telos232.07

Norza, E., Vargas, J. y Ibáñez, R. (2020). Criminodinámica en la seguridad ciudadana durante el contexto Covid-19. Boletín De política, 328. Departamento de Ciencia Política, Universidad de los Andes.

Piquero, A., Jennings, W., Jemison, E., Kaukinen, C. y Knaul, F. (2021). Domestic violence during the Covid-19 pandemic-Evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Criminal Justice, 74, 101806. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2021.101806

Piquero, A., Riddell, J., Bishopp, S., Narvey, C., Reid, J. y Piquero, N. (2020). Staying home, staying safe? A short-term analysis of Covid-19 on Dallas domestic violence. American Journal of Criminal Justice: AJCJ, 45(4), 601-635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-020-09531-7

Radford, J. y Russell, D. E. (eds.). (2006). Feminicidio. La política del asesinato de las mujeres (vol. 8). UNAM. Relatora Especial sobre la violencia contra la mujer, sus causas y consecuencias. (2012, mayo 23).

Informe de la Relatora Especial sobre la violencia contra la mujer, sus causas y sus consecuencias, Rashida Manjoo. https://www.ohchr.org/es/specialprocedures/sr-violence-against-women

Salfati, C. y Bateman, A. (2007). An Examination of Behavioral Consistency Using Individual Behaviors or Groups of Behaviors in serial Homicide. Behavioral Sciences and the Law, 25, 527-544. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.742

Salfati, C. y Haratsis, E. (2001). Greek Homicide. A Behavioral Examination of Offender Crime-Scene Actions. Homicide Studies. An Interdisciplinary & International Journal, 5(4), 335-362. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088767901005004006

Salfati, C. G. y Bateman, A. L. (2005). Serial Homicide: An Investigation of Behavioral Consistency. Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2, 121-144. https://doi.org/10.1002/jip.27

Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Pública. (2022). Datos abiertos de incidencia delictiva. https://www.gob.mx/sesnsp/accionesy-programas/datos-abiertos-de-incidenciadelictiva?state=published

SIEDCO. (2022). Estadística delictiva. Policía Nacional de Colombia. https://www.policia.gov.co/grupoinformaci%C3%B3n-criminalidad/estadisticadelictiva

Tilly, C. (2003). The politics of collective violence. Cambridge University Press.

Trojan, C. y Krull, A. (2012). Variations in Wounding by Relationship Intimacy in Homicide Cases. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 27(14), 2869-2888. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260512438285

Valencia-Londoño, P. A. y Nateras-González, M. E. (2020). Violencia en contra de las mujeres como discriminación en contextos de violencia criminal: el caso del feminicidio en Medellín y el Estado de México. Revista Criminalidad, 62(1), 59-85. http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1794-31082020000100059&lng=en&tlng=es.

Valencia, P., Nateras, M., Bruno, C. y Paz, P. (2021). The exacerbation of violence against women as a form of discrimination in the period of the Covid-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 7(3), e06491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06491

Valencia, P., Nateras, M. y Pacheco. (2023). Determinantes de género en la inseguridad objetiva y subjetiva: los casos de México y Colombia. Revista Política Criminal (18), 35. En prensa.

Vargas, J., Ibáñez, R., Norza, E., Duarte, Y., Patiño, M. y Chamorro, A. (2021). Criminalidad en contexto Covid año 2020 y aproximación de una propuesta en neurocriminología. Revista Criminalidad, 63(3), 9-31. https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.310

Vargas, L., Ibáñez, R., Norza, E. y Casilimas, E. (2022). Enfoque de policía proactiva en los cambios recientes del crimen durante el escenario de pandemia del Covid-19. Revista Criminalidad, 64(1), 95-108. https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.334

Weinshenker, N. y Siegel, A. (2002). Bimodal classification of aggression: affective defense and predatory attack. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 7(3), 237-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1359-1789(01)00042-8

Wieviorka, M. (2001). La violencia: destrucción y constitución del sujeto. Espacio Abierto, 10(3). https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=12210301

Published

2024-02-10

How to Cite

Nateras González, M. E., & Valencia Londoño, P. A. (2024). Impact of the pandemic and confinement measures on lethal violence against women in Mexico and Colombia. Revista Criminalidad, 65(3), 97–119. https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.514

Issue

Section

Criminological studies