Self-control and attachment styles: their influence on criminal behavior and physical aggression of Argentine adolescents

Authors

  • Antonella Bobbio Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.
  • Karin Arbach Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.69

Keywords:

juvenile offender, aggressions, psychological factors, personality, Latin America

Abstract

The relationship between self-control, attachment and crime has been established in numerous scientific studies, mostly from developed countries. In Latin America there are scarce works that have been devoted to the study of the relationship between these variables. The present investigation explored the influence of self-control and attachment on two criteria variables: on one hand, general criminal behavior and, on the other, physical aggression behavior, in a sample formed by 86 adolescents in conflict with criminal law and 86 adolescents from the general male population of Argentina. Two independent logistic regression analyzes indicated that the predictors of both criteria differ from each other. Insecure type attachment styles discriminated between juvenile offenders and nonoffenders, and self-control was the only variable that
differentiated young people with physical aggression behaviors from those who did not manifest these behaviors. Likewise, offending adolescents presented a higher risk of presenting physical aggression behaviors compared to those of the general population. From a theoretical perspective, the work contemplated the role of two variables included in internationally recognized theories in the explanation of criminal behavior. From a practical point of view, the study of risk factors that demonstrate an empirical relationship with crime is essential for the design of prevention and intervention strategies in criminal matters.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Antonella Bobbio, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.

Doctora en Psicología Profesora asistente Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Becaria doctoral Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPSI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.

Karin Arbach, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.

Doctora en Psicología Profesora titular Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Investigadora  adjunta Instituto de Investigaciones Psicológicas (IIPSI) Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (Conicet), Córdoba, Argentina.

References

Aguilar Delgado, S. (2014). Apego infantil y conducta delictiva en edad adulta. III Jornadas de Psicología y Ley en la Universidad de Barcelona. Barcelona, España. Junio, 2014.

Ainsworth, M., Blehar, M., Waters, E. & Wall, S. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Hillsdale, NJ.: Eribaum.

Akers, R. L., Krohn, M. D., Lanza-Kaduce, L. & Radosevich, M. (1979). Social learning and deviant behavior: A specific test of a general theory. American Sociological Review, 44(4): 636. https://doi.org/10.2307/2094592.

Akhtar, Z. (2012). Attachment styles of adolescents: Characteristics. Academic Research International, 2(2): 613-621.

Andrés Pueyo, A. & Arbach, K. (2014). Peligrosidad y valoración del riesgo de violencia en contextos forenses. E. García-López (Ed.), Psicopatología Forense: Comportamiento humano y tribunales de justicia (pp. 505-525). México D. F.: Manual Moderno.

Balabanian, C., Lemos, V. & Vargas Rubilar, J. (2015). Apego percibido y conducta prosocial en adolescentes. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Sociales, 6(2): 278-294.

https://doi.org/10.21501/22161201.1515

Balluerka, N., Lacasa, F., Gorostiaga, A., Muela, A. & Pierrehumbert, B. (2011). Versión reducida del cuestionario CaMir (CaMir-R) para la evaluación del apego. Psicothema, 23(3): 486-494.

Baumeister, R. F., Vohs, K. D. & Tice, D. M. (2007). The Strength Model of Self-Control. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(6): 351-355. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2007.00534.x.

Bobbio, A., Arbach, K. & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2018). Self-Control and Deviance: A Test of the General Theory of Crime in Argentina. Victims & Offenders, 14(1): 119-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2018.1552222.

Bowlby, J. (1969). El apego y la pérdida. Vol. I. El apego. Barcelona: Paidós.

Bruno, M., Misuraca, M. & Monath, H. (2018). Las voces de las y los adolescentes privados de libertad en Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Cáceres, D., Salazar, I., Varela, M. & Tovar, Y. J. (2006). Consumo de drogas en jóvenes universitarios y su relación de riesgo y protección con los factores psicosociales. Universitas Psychologica, 5(3): 521-534.

Celedón Rivero, J. C., Barón García, B., Martínez Bustos, P., Cogollo, M. E. & Miranda Yánez, M. (2016). Estilos de apego en un grupo de jóvenes con rasgos antisociales y psicopáticos. Revista Encuentros, 14(1): 151-165. https://doi.org/10.15665/re.v14i1.675.

Chouhy, C., Cullen, F. T. & Unnever, J. D. (2016). Mean streets revisited: Assessing the generality of rival criminological theories. Victims & Offenders, 11(2): 225-250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15564886.2014.974791.

Cihan, A. & Tittle, C. R. (2019). Self-control, sanction threats, temptation, and crime: Examining contingencies of self-control in a cross-national context. Crime and Delinquency, 65(4): 555-580. https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128718824939.

Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1): 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155.

Cooper, M. L., Shaver, P. R. & Collins, N. L. (1998). Attachment styles, emotion regulation, and adjustment in adolescence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5): 1380-1397. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1380.

Cretacci, M. A. (2008). A general test of self-control theory: Has its importance been exaggerated? International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 52(5): 538-53. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X07308665.

DeLisi, M., Beaver, K. M., Vaughn, M. G., Trulson, C. R., Kosloski, A. E., Drury, A. J. & Wright, J. P. (2010). Personality, gender and self-control theory revisited: Results from a sample of institutionalized juvenile delinquents. Applied Psychology in Criminal Justice, 6(1): 31-46.

DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., Kosloski, A. E., Caudill, J. W., Conis, P. J., Anderson, C. A., Beaver, K. M. (2010). The cycle of violence behind bars: Traumatization and institutional misconduct among juvenile delinquents in confinement. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 8(2): 107-121. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204009349399.

Díaz, C. A. G., Arévalo, J. B., Angarita, E. V. & Ruiz, Y. S. (2010). Relación entre el consumo excesivo de alcohol y esquemas maladaptativos tempranos en estudiantes universitarios. Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 39(2): 362-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0034-7450(14)60256-0.

Duncan, D. & White, J. (2003). Using internet-based surveys to reach hidden populations: Case of nonabusive illicit drug users. American Journal of Health Behavior, 27(3): 208-218. https://doi.org/10.5993/AJHB.27.3.2.

Ermon Tussey, B., Tyler, K. A. & Gordon Simons, L. (2018). Poor parenting, attachment style, and dating violence perpetration among college students. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260518760017.

Eysenck, H. J. (1981). General features of the model. A model for personality. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-67783-0_1

Farrington, D. P. (1995). The twelfth Jack Tizard memorial lecture. The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: key findings from the Cambridge Study in delinquent development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines, 36(6): 929-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01342.x.

Farrington, D. P. (2014). Integrated cognitive antisocial potential theory. Encyclopedia of criminology and criminal justice (pp. 2552-2564). New York: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5690-2_500.

Fearon, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., van IJzendoorn, M. H., Lapsley, A. & Roisman, G. (2010). The significance of insecure attachment and disorganization in the development of children's externalizing behavior: A meta-analytic study. Child Development, 81(2): 435-456. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01405.x.

FePRA (2013). Código de Ética de la Federación de Psicólogos de la República Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Ganzeboom, H. B. G., De Graaf, P. M. & Treiman, D. J. (1992). A standard international socio-economic index of occupational status. Social Science Research, 21(1): 1-56.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0049-089X(92)90017-B

Garrido, S., Cupani, M. & Arbach, K. (2015). Conducta antinormativa y autocontrol: Adaptación de dos escalas de evaluación en población juvenil de Córdoba. (Tesis de Licenciatura). Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Argentina.

Gomes, H. S. & Gouveia-Pereira, M. (2019). Testing the General Theory of Crime with the circumplex model: Curvilinear relations between family functioning and self-control. Deviant Behavior, 0(0): 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.2019.1596449.

Gormley, B. & McNiel, D. E. (2010). Adult attachment orientations, depressive symptoms, anger, and self-directed aggression by psychiatric patients. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 34(3): 272-281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10608-009-9267-5.

Gottfredson, M. R. & Hirschi, T. (1990). A General Theory of Crime. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Grasmick, H., Tittle, C., Bursik, R. & Arneklev, B. (1993). Testing the core empirical implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 30: 5-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030001002.

Hoeve, M., Stams, G. J., Van der Put, C., Semon Dubas, J., Van der Laan, P. & Gerris, J. (2012). A meta-analysis of attachment to parents and delinquency. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40(5): 771-785. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-011-9608-1.

IBM Corp. (2013). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 22.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Recuperado a partir de http://www.spss.com.

Imach, S., Caballero, S. & Mejail, S. (2012). Habilidades sociales, aislamiento y comportamiento antisocial en adolescentes en contextos de pobreza. Acta Colombiana de Psicología, 15(1): 11-20.

Kenny, D., Blacker, S. & Allerton, M. (2014). Reculer pour mieux sauter: A Review of attachment and other developmental processes inherent in identified risk factors for juvenile delinquency and juvenile offending. Laws, 3(3): 439-468. https://doi.org/10.3390/laws3030439.

Kobayashi, E., Vazsonyi, A., Chen, P. & Sharp, S. F. (2010). A culturally nuanced test of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory: Dimensionality and generalizability in Japan and the United States. International Criminal Justice Review, 20(2): 112-131. https://doi.org/10.1177/1057567710368362.

Lacasa, F., Mitjavila, M., Ochoa, S. & Balluerka, N. (2015). The relationship between attachment styles and internalizing or externalizing symptoms in clinical and nonclinical adolescents. Anales de Psicología, 31(2): 422. https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.31.2.169711.

Lagrange, T. C. & Silverman, R. A. (1999). Low self-control and opportunity: Testing the general theory of crime as an explanation for gender differences in delinquency. Criminology, 37(1): 41-72. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.1999.tb00479.x.

Larson, M., Vaughn, M. G., Salas-Wright, C. P. & Delisi, M. (2015). Narcissism, low self-control, and violence among a nationally representative sample. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 42(6): 644-661. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854814553097.

Ley 25326. (2000). Ley 25326/2000, de 4 de octubre, de protección de los datos personales. Boletín Oficial de la Nación Argentina. Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Li, J.-B. & Vazsonyi, A. T. (2019). The utility of joint use of the Low Self-Control Scale and the Brief Self-Control Scale in explaining adolescent deviance. European Journal of Criminology, 0(0): 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819845745.

Loinaz, I. & Echeburúa, E. (2012). Apego adulto en agresores de pareja. Acción Psicológica, 9(1): 33-46. https://doi.org/10.5944/ap.9.1.435.

Martínez Catena, A. & Redondo Illescas, S. (2013). Carreras delictivas juveniles y tratamiento. Zerbitzuan: Gizarte zerbitzuetarako aldizkaria= Revista de Servicios Sociales, 5 4 : 171-183.

https://doi.org/10.5569/1134-7147.54.12

McGauran, A., Brooks, M. & Khan, R. (2019). The role of emotional resilience, childhood parentification, and attachment style on antisocial behaviour in adulthood: A comparison of an offender and normative population. Journal of Criminal Psychology, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCP-08-2018-0035.

Miller, H. V., Jennings, W. G., Álvarez-Rivera, L. L. & Lanza-Kaduce, L. (2009). Self-control, attachment, and deviance among hispanic adolescents. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37(1): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2008.12.003.

Moneta, M. E. (2016). Apego y pérdida: redescubriendo a John Bowlby. Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 85(3): 265-268. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062014000300001.

Montero, I. & León, O. G. (2007). A guide for naming research studies in Psychology. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 7: 847-862.

Morillo, S., Birkbeck, C. & Crespo, F. (2011). Autocontrol y conducta desviada: Una exploración con datos venezolanos. Cenipec, 30: 171-203.

Muris, P., Meesters, C. & van der Berg, S. (2003). Internalizing and externalizing problems as correlates of self-report attachment style and perceived rearing in normal adolescents. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 12(2): 171-183. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022858715598.

Muris, P., Meesters, C., Morren, M. & Moorman, L. (2004). Anger and hostility in adolescents: relationships with self-reported attachment style and perceived parental rearing styles. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 57(3): 257-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3999(03)00616-0.

Nardecchia, A., Casari, L. & Briccola, M. (2016). Impulsividad y empatía en adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal. Investigaciones en Psicología, 21(3): 63-70.

Neves Nunes, S. A., Xavier Faraco, A. M., Vieira, M. L. & Rubin, K. H. (2013). Externalizing and internalizing problems: Contributions of attachment and parental practices. Psicologia: Reflexao e Critica, 26(3): 617-625. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-79722013000300022.

Obsuth, I., Hennighausen, K., Brumariu, L. E. & Lyons-Ruth, K. (2014). Disorganized behavior adolescent-parent interaction: Relations to attachment state of mind, partner abuse, and psychopathology. Child Development, 85(1): 370-387. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12113.

Ogilvie, C. A., Newman, E., Todd, L. & Peck, D. (2014). Attachment and violent offending: A meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 19(4): 322-339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2014.04.007.

Organización Panamericana de la Salud & Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2016). La prevención de la violencia juvenil: Panorama general de la evidencia. Critical Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CCM.0000145581.54571.32.

Picasso, S. L. & Crucella, L. (2018). Características familiares y conducta delictiva: Un estudio cuasicontrol con familias de adolescentes en conflicto con la ley penal [Tesis de Grado]. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina.

Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G. & Welsh, B. C. (2012). Parent training and the prevention of crime. En D. P. Farrington & B. C. Welsh (Eds.), The Oxford Handbook of Crime Prevention (pp. 1-15). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195398823.013.0005.

Pooravari, M., Ghanbari, S., Mohammadi, A. Z., Panaghi, L. & Aghdasta, E. (2014). The comparison of tendency to risky behaviour, in secure/insecure attachment in parents. International Journal of Scientific Research and Innovative Technology, 1(1): 11-25.

Pratt, T. C. & Cullen, F. T. (2000). The empirical status of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 38(3): 931-964.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-9125.2000.tb00911.x

Rebellon, C. J. & Waldman, I. (2003). Deconstructing «Force and Fraud»: An Empirical assessment of the generality of crime. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 19(3): 303-331. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1024961026078.

Redondo Illescas, S. (2015). El origen de los delitos. Valencia, España: Tirant Humanidades.

Redondo Illescas, S., Martínez Catena, A. & Andrés-Pueyo, A. (2011). Factores de éxito asociados a los programas de intervención con menores infractores. España.

Redondo Illescas, S., Martínez-Catena, A. & Andrés-Pueyo, A. (2012). Intervenciones con delincuentes juveniles en el marco de la justicia: Investigación y aplicaciones. EduPsykhé. Revista de Psicología y Educación, 11(2): 143-169.

Redondo, S. & Garrido, V. (2013). Principios de Criminología [Principles of Criminology] (4ª ed.). Valencia: Tirant lo Blanch.

Reidy, T. J., Sorensen, J. R. & Cihan, A. (2018). Institutional misconduct among juvenile offenders serving a blended sentence. Journal of Criminal Justice, 57(May): 99-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2018.05.003.

Rholes, W. S., Paetzold, R. L. & Kohn, J. L. (2015). Disorganized attachment mediates the link from early trauma to externalizing behavior in adult relationships. Personality and Individual Differences, 90: 61-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2015.10.043.

Richaud de Minzi, M. C. (2010). Gender and cultural patterns of mothers' and fathers' attachment and links with children's self-competence, depression and loneliness in middle and late childhood. Early Child Development and Care, 180 (November 2015): 193-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430903415056.

Rodríguez, J. A. & Godoy, L. M. (2014). Autocontrol: Un análisis comparativo entre delincuentes, estudiantes de bachillerato y universitarios venezolanos. Serrano & Birkbeck (Eds.), La generalidad de la teoría del autocontrol (pp. 307-330). Dykinson.

Rodríguez, J. A. (2011). Conducta antisocial en grupo: Una aproximación mediante ecuaciones estructurales. Cenipec, 30 (March): 237-264.

Rodríguez, J. A. (2012). Características psicométricas de la low self-control scale de Grasmick, Tittle, Bursik y Arneklev: Resultados preliminares de una versión en español. Cenipec, 31: 207-237.

Serrano Maíllo, A. (2009). Actos de fuerza o engaño y autocontrol. Un test de una teoría general del delito con una muestra pequeña de delincuentes juveniles. Revista Electrónica de Ciencia Penal y Criminología, 11-13, 13:1-13:38.

Shrive, F. M., Stuart, H., Quan, H. & Ghali, W. A. (2006). Dealing with missing data in a multi-question depression scale: A comparison of imputation methods. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 6: 57. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-6-57.

Vazsonyi, A. & Belliston, L. (2007). The family, low self-control, deviance: A cross-cultural and cross-national test of Self-control Theory. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 34(4): 505-530. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854806292299.

Vazsonyi, A. & Klanjšek, R. (2008). A test of self-control theory across different socioeconomic strata. Justice Quarterly, 25(1): 101-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/07418820801954571.

Vazsonyi, A., Ksinan Jiskrova, G., Ksinan, A. & Blatny, M. (2016). An empirical test of Self-control Theory in Roma adolescents. Journal of Criminal Justice, 44: 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2015.12.004.

Vazsonyi, A., Mikuška, J. & Kelley, E. L. (2017). It's time: A meta-analysis on the self-control-deviance link. Journal of Criminal Justice, 48: 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2016.10.001.

Vera, E. P. & Moon, B. (2012). An empirical test of Low Self-control Theory: Among hispanic youth. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 11(1): 79-93. https://doi.org/10.1177/1541204012441628.

Ward, J. T., Nobles, M. R. & Fox, K. A. (2015). Disentangling self-control from its elements: A bifactor analysis. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 31(4): 595-627. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-014-9241-6.

Welsh, B. & Farrington, D. P. (2007). Apoyo científico en relación con la prevención temprana de la delincuencia y la delincuencia tardía. Revista de Derecho Penal y Criminología, 19: 531-550.

Published

2019-11-11

How to Cite

Bobbio, A. ., & Arbach, K. . (2019). Self-control and attachment styles: their influence on criminal behavior and physical aggression of Argentine adolescents. Revista Criminalidad, 61(3), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.69

Issue

Section

Criminological studies