Victimization in the couple as a risk factor in women in prison
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.78Keywords:
female crime, victimization, penitentiary centers, correctional facilities, risk assessmentAbstract
Introduction: the presence of victimization by violence against spouse, partner or companion sentenced to imprisonment seems to be an important risk factor for crime, criminal continuity and social maladjustment. Objective: this work is intended to compare the presence of different criminogenic risk factors in a group of women held in prisons in Catalonia (Spain) by contrasting those who had been VCP (“Violencia Contra la Pareja”) victims or not. Method: 98 inmates having served prison terms for different types of crime were analyzed and evaluated between 2010 and 2012 with the use of the RisCanvi risk assessment tool. Results: the prevalence of VCP victimization was 23%. 63% had employment problems, 53% had prison records, 61% had socialization and/or upbringing problems, and 55% showed behavioral disorders like impulsivity and/or emotional instability. Women who had suffered partner violence had significantly more clinical and personality risk factors and, on the whole, more needs from the point of view of treatment and risk management. Conclusions: victimization aggravates risk profiles among female inmates. Results implications for both prevention and treatment in the field of female delinquency are discussed.
Downloads
References
Andrés-Pueyo, A., Arbach-Lucioni, K. & Redondo, S. (2010). Informe de elaboración del protocolo de valoración y gestión del riesgo de violencia en las prisiones RisCanvi. Dep. de Justicia Generalitat de Catalunya, España.
Asberg, K. & Renk, K. (2015). Safer in jail? A com-parison of victimization history and psy-chological adjustment between previously homeless and non-homeless incarcerated women. Feminist Criminology, 10 (2): 165-187. doi: 10.1177/1557085114537870
https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085114537870
Bohle, A. & de Vogel, V. (2017). Gender differences in victimization and the relation to personality disorders in forensic psychiatry. Journal of Ag-gression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 26 (4): 411-429. doi: 10.1080/10926771.2017.1284170
https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2017.1284170
Brennan, T., Breitenbach, M., Dieterich, W., Salisbury, E. J. & van Voorhis, P. (2012). Women's pathways to serious and habitual crime: A person-centered analysis incorporating gender responsive fac-tors. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39 (11): 1481-1508. doi: 10.1177/0093854812456777
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854812456777
Christopher, K., Lutz-Zois, C. J. & Reinhardt, A. R. (2007). Female sexual-offenders: Personality pathology as a mediator of the relationship between childhood sexual abuse history and sexual abuse perpetration against others. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31 (8): 871-883. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.006
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2007.02.006
Cortoni, F. & Gannon, T. A. (2011). Female sexual of-fenders. In D. P. Boer, R. Eher, L. A. Craig, M. Miner & F. Phafflin (Eds.). International perspec-tives on the assessment and treatment of sex offenders: Theory, practice and research (pp. 35-54). Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119990420.ch3
Cuevas, M. C. & Castro, L. (2009). Emotional and be-havioral effects of exposure to violence in Colombian children and youngsters.Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 17 (2): 277-297.
de Vogel, V. & de Vries-Robbé, M. (2013). Working with women: towards a more gender-sensitive vio-lence risk assessment. In C. Logan & L. John-stone (Eds.). Managing clinical risk: A guide to effective practice. New York, NY: Routledge.
de Vogel, V., de Vries-Robbé, M., van Kalmthout, W. & Place, C. (2014). Female Additional Manual: Ad-ditional guidelines to the HCR-20v3 for assessing risk for violence in women. Utrecht, The Neth-erlands: Van der Hoeven Stichting.de Vogel, V., Stam, J., Bouman, Y. H. A., Ter Horst, P. & Lancel, M. (2016). Violent women: A multicen-tre study into gender differences in forensic psychiatric patients. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry & Psychology, 27 (2): 145-168. doi: 10.1080/14789949.2015.1102312
https://doi.org/10.1080/14789949.2015.1102312
DeHart, D., Lynch, S., Belknap, J., Dass-Brailsford, P. & Green, B. (2014). Life history models of fe-male offending: The roles of serious mental illness and trauma in women's pathways to jail. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 38 (1): 138-151. doi: 10.1177/0361684313494357
https://doi.org/10.1177/0361684313494357
Edwards, K. M., Dardis, C. M. & Gidycz, C. A. (2011). The role of victimization experiences in ado-lescent girls and young women's aggression in dating relationships. In M. A. Paludi (Ed.). The psychology of teen violence and victimiza-tion. Volume 2: Prevention strategies for families and schools (pp. 71-85). Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger.
Edwards, K. M., Desai, A. D., Gidycz, C. A. & VanWyns-berghe, A. (2009). College women's aggression in relationships: The role of childhood and adolescent victimization. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 33 (3): 255-265. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01498.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2009.01498.x
Eriksson, L. & Mazerolle, P. (2015). A cycle of violence? Examining family-of-origin violence, attitudes, and intimate partner violence perpetration. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30 (6): 945-964. doi: 10.1177/0886260514539759
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514539759
Fontanil, Y., Alcedo, M. A., Fernández, R. & Ezama, E. (2013). Mujeres en prisión: un estudio sobre la prevalencia del maltrato. RES - Revista Espa-ñola de Sociología, 20: 21-38.
Ford, H. (2010). The treatment needs of female sexual offenders. In T. A. Gannon & F. Cortoni (Eds.). Female sexual offenders: Theory, assessment, and treatment (pp. 101-117). Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470666715.ch7
Franklin, C. & Kercher, G. (2012). The intergeneration-al transmission of intimate partner violence: Differentiating correlates in a random com-munity sample. Journal of Family Violence, 27 (3): 187-199. doi: 10.1007/s10896-012-9419-3
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-012-9419-3
Freiburger, T. L. & Marcum, C. D. (Eds.) (2016). Women in the criminal justice system: Tracking the jour-ney of females and crime. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
https://doi.org/10.1201/b18726
Gavin, H. & Porter, T. (2015). Female Aggression. Chich-ester, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118314715
Gómez, A. M. (2011). Testing the cycle of violence hy-pothesis: Child abuse and adolescent dating violence as predictors of intimate partner vi-olence in young adulthood. Youth & Society, 43 (1): 171-192. doi: 10.1177/0044118x09358313
https://doi.org/10.1177/0044118X09358313
Green, B. L., Dass-Brailsford, P., Hurtado de Mendoza, A., Mete, M., Lynch, S. M., DeHart, D. D. & Belknap, J. (2016). Trauma experiences and mental health among incarcerated women. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Prac-tice, and Policy, 8 (4): 455-463. doi: 10.1037/tra0000113
https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000113
Green, B. L., Miranda, J., Daroowalla, A. & Siddique, J. (2005). Trauma exposure, mental health func-tioning, and program needs of women in jail. Crime & Delinquency, 51 (1): 133-151. doi: 10.1177/0011128704267477
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128704267477
Howard, R., Karatzias, T., Power, K. & Mahoney, A. (2017). Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms mediate the relationship be-tween substance misuse and violent offend-ing among female prisoners. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 52 (1): 21-25. doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1293-5
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1293-5
Huesmann, L. R., Dubow, E. F. & Boxer, P. (2011). The transmission of aggressiveness across genera-tions: Biological, contextual, and social learn-ing processes. In P. R. Shaver & M. Mikulincer (Eds.). Human aggression and violence (pp. 123-142). Washington, DC: American Psychologi-cal Association.
https://doi.org/10.1037/12346-007
Karsten, J., de Vogel, V. & Lancel, M. (2016). Char-acteristics and offences of women with borderline personality disorder in foren-sic psychiatry: A multicentre study. Psy-chology, Crime & Law, 22 (3): 224-237. doi: 10.1080/1068316X.2015.1077250
https://doi.org/10.1080/1068316X.2015.1077250
Levenson, J. S., Willis, G. M. & Prescott, D. S. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences in the lives of female sex offenders. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 27 (3): 258-283. doi: 10.1177/1079063214544332
https://doi.org/10.1177/1079063214544332
Liebman, R. E., Burnette, M. L., Raimondi, C., Nichols-Hadeed, C., Merle, P. & Cerulli, C. (2014). Piloting a psycho-social intervention for in-carcerated women with trauma histories: Lessons learned and future recommenda-tions. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 58 (8): 894-913. doi: 10.1177/0306624x13491073
https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X13491073
Logan, C. (2008). Sexual deviance in females: Psycho-pathology and theory. In D. R. Laws & W. T. O'Donohue (Eds.). Sexual deviance: Theory, as-sessment, and treatment (pp. 486-507). New York, NY: Guilford.Loinaz, I. (2014). Mujeres delincuentes violentas. Psy-chosocial Intervention, 23 (3): 187-198. doi: 10.1016/j.psi.2014.05.001
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psi.2014.05.001
Loinaz, I. (2016). Cuando "el" delincuente es "ella": in-tervención con mujeres violentas. Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 26: 41-50.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apj.2016.04.006
Loinaz, I., Echeburúa, E. & Irureta, M. (2011). Trastor-nos mentales como factor de riesgo de vic-timización violenta. Behavioral Psychology/Psicología Conductual, 19 (2): 421-438.
Lynch, S. M., DeHart, D. D., Belknap, J., Green, B. L., Dass-Brailsford, P., Johnson, K. M. & Wong, M. M. (2017). An examination of the as-sociations among victimization, mental health, and offending in women. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 44 (6): 796-814. doi: 10.1177/0093854817704452
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854817704452
Lynch, S. M., Fritch, A. & Heath, N. M. (2012). Looking beneath the surface: The nature of incarcer-ated women's experiences of interpersonal violence, treatment needs, and mental health. Feminist Criminology, 7 (4): 381-400. doi: 10.1177/1557085112439224
https://doi.org/10.1177/1557085112439224
Maniglio, R. (2009). Severe mental illness and criminal victimization: A systematic review. Acta Psy-chiatrica Scandinavica, 119 (3): 180-191. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01300.x
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0447.2008.01300.x
McKee, S. A. & Hilton, N. Z. (2017). Co-occur-ring substance use, PTSD, and IPV victimization: Implications for female of-fender services. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse. doi: 10.1177/1524838017708782
https://doi.org/10.1177/1524838017708782
McKinney, C. M., Caetano, R., Ramisetty-Mikler, S. & Nelson, S. (2009). Childhood family violence and perpetration and victimization of intimate partner violence: Findings from a national population-based study of couples. Annals of Epidemiology, 19 (1): 25-32. doi: 0.1016/j.an-nepidem.2008.08.008
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2008.08.008
Montero, I., Martín-Baena, D., Escribà-Agüir, V., Ruiz-Pérez, I., Vives-Cases, C. & Talavera, M. (2013). Intimate partner violence in older women in Spain: Prevalence, health con-sequences, and service utilization. Journal of Women & Aging, 25 (4): 358-371. doi: 10.1080/08952841.2013.838854
https://doi.org/10.1080/08952841.2013.838854
Norza, E., González, A., Moscoso, M. & González, J. D. (2012). Descripción de la criminalidad fe-menina en Colombia: factores de riesgo y motivación criminal. RevistaCriminalidad, 54 (1): 339-357.
Radatz, D. L. & Wright, E. M. (2017). Does polyvic-timization affect incarcerated and non-incarcerated adult women differently? An exploration into internalizing problems. Jour-nal of Interpersonal Violence, 32 (9): 1379-1400. doi: 10.1177/0886260515588921
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260515588921
Ruiz-Pérez, I., Plazaola-Castaño, J., Vives-Cases, C., Montero-Piñar, M. I., Escribà-Agüir, V., Jimé-nez-Gutiérrez, E. & Martín-Baena, D. (2010). Variabilidad geográfica de la violencia contra las mujeres en España. Gaceta Sanitaria, 24 (2): 128-135. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.10.014
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaceta.2009.10.014
Savage, J., Palmer, J. & Martin, A. (2014). Intergenera-tional transmission: Physical abuse and vio-lent vs. nonviolent criminal outcomes. Journal of Family Violence, 29 (7): 739-748. 1-10. doi: 10.1007/s10896-014-9629-y
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-014-9629-y
Silver, E., Piquero, A. R., Jennings, W. G., Piquero, N. L. & Leiber, M. (2011). Assessing the violent offending and violent victimization over-lap among discharged psychiatric patients. Law and Human Behavior, 35 (1): 49-59. doi: 10.1007/s10979-009-9206-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10979-009-9206-8
Strickland, S. M. (2008). Female sex offenders: Explor-ing issues of personality, trauma, and cognitive distortions. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 23 (4): 474-489. doi: 10.1177/0886260507312944
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260507312944
St-Yves, M. & Pellerin, B. (2002). Sexual victimization and sexual delinquency: Vampire or Pinocchio syndrome? Correctional Service Canada Forum, 14: 51-52.
Teasdale, B. (2009). Mental disorder and violent vic-timization. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 36 (5): 513-535. doi: 10.1177/0093854809331793
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854809331793
Topitzes, J., Mersky, J. P. & Reynolds, A. J. (2012). From child maltreatment to violent of-fending: An examination of mixed-gender and gender-specific models. Journal of Inter-personal Violence, 27 (12): 2322-2347. doi: 10.1177/0886260511433510
https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260511433510
Tripodi, S. J., Bledsoe, S. E., Kim, J. S. & Bender, K. (2011). Effects of correctional-based programs for female inmates: A systematic review. Research on Social Work Practice, 21 (1): 15-31. doi: 10.1177/1049731509352337
https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731509352337
Turner, K., Miller, H. A. & Henderson, C. E. (2008). Latent profile analyses of offense and per-sonality characteristics in a sample of in-carcerated female sexual offenders. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 35 (7): 879-894. doi: 10.1177/0093854808318922
https://doi.org/10.1177/0093854808318922
Walsh, K., DiLillo, D. & Scalora, M. J. (2011). The cumula-tive impact of sexual revictimization on emo-tion regulation difficulties: An examination of female inmates. Violence Against Women, 17 (8): 1103-1118. doi: 10.1177/1077801211414165
https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801211414165
Wareham, J., Boots, D. P. & Chavez, J. M. (2009). A test of social learning and intergenerational trans-mission among batterers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 37 (2): 163-173. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrim-jus.2009.02.011
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrimjus.2009.02.011
Widom, C. S. (2017). Long-term impact of childhood abuse and neglect on crime and violence. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 24 (2): 186-202. doi: 10.1111/cpsp.12194
https://doi.org/10.1111/cpsp.12194
Widom, C. S. & Wilson, H. W. (2015). Intergenerational transmission of violence. En J. Lindert & I. Le-vav (Eds.). Violence and Mental Health: Its Mani-fold Faces (pp. 27-45). Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-8999-8_2
Wright, E. M., Van Voorhis, P., Salisbury, E. J. & Bauman, A. (2012). gender-responsive lessons learned and policy implications for women in prison: A review. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 39 (12): 1612-1632. doi: 10.1177/0093854812451088
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Licencia creative commons CC BY NC ND https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/
