El registro y la medición de la criminalidad. El problema de los datos faltantes y el uso de la ciencia para producir estimaciones en relación con el homicidio en Colombia, demostrado a partir de un ejemplo: el departamento de Antioquia (2003-2011)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.122Palabras clave:
medición de la criminalidad, tendencias del delito, estadística, datos cuantitativos referidos a la delincuencia, homicidioResumen
La integridad del ciclo de políticas públicas depende de la calidad de la información disponible para tomar decisiones en cualquiera de las fases. De manera preocupante, este ciclo -especialmente en el campo de la política criminal- se aparta del análisis técnico, que debería basarse en prueba empírica y sustento teórico. Este artículo retoma ejes clásicos (pero olvidados) de la medición de la criminalidad, con el propósito de resaltar la función esencial de datos confiables en el ciclo de políticas públicas. Brinda un análisis del proceso de registro y medición del crimen, y destaca los problemas y límites de cualquier ejercicio de registro delictivo. Resalta la necesidad de examinar el universo de lo desconocido por los diversos proyectos de registro, y explica las herramientas que se utilizan para dar cuenta de datos faltantes. Con el fin de ilustrar el potencial de la aplicación de estas herramientas en Colombia, ilustra los resultados del registro integrado de homicidios en el departamento de Antioquia, en el período 2003-2011, según cinco proyectos de registro (incluyendo el de la Policía Nacional), y presenta una estimación probabilística de los homicidios, que incorpora el cálculo de los datos faltantes según un técnica que se denomina Estimación por Sistemas Múltiples (ESM).
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