Avaliação formativa de duas intervenções inspiradas em princípios restaurativos em centros de reclusão
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.17Palavras-chave:
reparação de danos, estabelecimentos prisionais, prisões, agressões, educação no tratamentoResumo
Os princípios nos quais se baseia a justiça restaurativa representam uma alternativa com grande potencial transformador para vítimas e vitimizadores, embora não esteja bem claro como tal potencial deva ser aproveitado. Apresentam-se duas avaliações formativas de intervenções para pessoas detidas por terem cometido delitos. No estudo 1, participaram sete adolescentes e, no estudo 2, cinco adultos, todos eles homens. A intervenção do estudo 1 consistiu em dez sessões de uma hora, que incluíam um módulo sobre gerência da raiva, adaptado do programa EQUIP, e um módulo acerca da reparação do dano. A intervenção do estudo 2 resumiu-se a seis sessões, focadas exclusivamente na reparação do dano. As intervenções incluíram jogos de encenação, que simulavam um eventual encontro entre os participantes e as vítimas das suas agressões, e a escrita de cartas a suas vítimas, as quais os autores sabiam que não seriam enviadas. Identificou-se um alto nível de satisfação e envolvimento dos participantes, que demostraram empatia pelas suas vítimas e disposição para reparar o dano, bem como um aumento nos seus relatórios de gerência da raiva. Esses dois estudos mostram que é possível aproveitar, em centros de reclusão, o potencial transformador dos princípios restaurativos, inclusive sem reuniões com as vítimas.
Downloads
Referências
Acuña, J. F. & López, A. M. (2013). La medida pedagógica como sanción en el Sistema de Responsabilidad Penal para Adolescentes (Ley 1098 de 2006 y 1453 de 2011). Estudio sociojurídico, Distrito Judicial de Cundinamarca. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Serie Observatorio SRPA 3.
Asamblea General de Uruguay (2004). Ley 17.823, por la cual se expide el código de la niñez y la adolescencia. Montevideo, Uruguay: Asamblea General de la República de Uruguay
Barriga, A. Q., Sullivan-Cosetti, M. & Gibbs, J. C. (2009). Moral cognitive correlates of empathy in juvenile delinquents. Criminal Behaviour and Mental Health, 19: 253-264.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbm.740
Barros, C. (2010). La justicia restaurativa: Una visión global y su aplicación en las cárceles. Iuris Tantum, 21: 41-50.
Beech, A. (2011). Evaluating the effectiveness of the SORI restorative justice programme delivered in seven prisons in England and Wales. Manuscript Draft.
Bitel, M. (2013). The alternatives to violence project (AVP). Humanity & Society, 23 (4):651-655.
https://doi.org/10.1177/016059760302700425
Blecher, N. (2011). Sorry Justice: Apology in Australian Family Group Conferencing. Psychiatry, Psychology and Law, 18: 95-116.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13218719.2010.509038
Bradshaw, W., Roseborough, D. & Umbreit, M. (2006). The effect of victim offender mediation on juvenile offender recidivism: A meta-analysis. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 24: 87-98.
https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.159
Chaux, E. (2003). Agresión reactiva, agresión proactiva y el ciclo de la violencia. Revista de Estudios Sociales, 15:47-58.C
https://doi.org/10.7440/res15.2003.03
haux, E. (2012). Educación, convivencia y agresión escolar. Bogotá: Ediciones Uniandes. Taurus, Santillana.Choi, J. & Gilbert, M. (2010). 'Joe everyday, people off the street': a qualitative study on mediators' roles and skills in victim-offender mediation. Contemporary Justice Review, 13:207-227.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10282581003748305
Coates, R., Umbreit, M. & Vos, B. (2010). Restorative justice circles: An exploratory study. Contemporary Justice Review, 6:265-278.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1028258032000115985
Cohen, A. & Gershon, I. (2015). When the state tries to see like a family: Cultural pluralism and the Family Group Conference in New Zealand. POLAR: Political & Legal Anthropology Review, 38: 9-29.
https://doi.org/10.1111/plar.12084
Cohen, D. & Strayer, J. (1996). Empathy in conduct-disordered and comparison youth. Developmental Psychology, 32: 988-998.
https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.32.6.988
Congreso de la República de Colombia (2006). Ley 1098 de 2006. Por medio de la cual se expide el Código de Infancia y Adolescencia. Bogotá: Congreso de la República.
Congreso Nacional de Brasil (1990). Ley 8069. Estatuto del niño y del adolescente. Brasilia, Brasil: Congreso Nacional de Brasil.
Dhami, M. K. (2016). Apology in victim-offender mediation. Contemporary Justice Review, 19: 31-42.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2015.1101686
Dhami, M. K., Mantle, G. & Fox, D. (2009). Restorative justice in prisons. Contemporary Justice Review, 12: 433-448.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580903343027
Diaz, D. (2012).Servicio en beneficio de la comunidad: Una aproximación cuantitativa a la justicia juvenil restaurativa en Chile. Revista de Psicología, 21:83-107.
https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2012.25838
Echeverri, M. C. & Maca, D. Y. (2006). Justicia Restaurativa, contextos marginales y representaciones sociales: Algunas ideas sobre la implementación y la aplicación de este tipo de justicia. Grupo Aimé.
Gibbs, J. C., Potter, G. B. & Goldstein, A. P. (1995). The EQUIP program: Teaching youth to think and act responsibly through a peer-helping approach. Champaign, IL: Research Press.
Glick, B. & Goldstein, A. P. (1987). Aggression Replacement Training. Journal of Counseling and Development, 65 (7):356-362.
https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.1987.tb00730.x
Granic, I. & Butler, S. (1997). The relation between anger and antisocial beliefs in young offenders. Personality and Individual Differences, 24: 759-765.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00236-5
Guerra, N. (1983). The relationship of social-cognitive skills deficits and aggressive behavior in children: A preliminary study. Unpublished Qualifying Paper. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University.
Haley, J. (1995). Victim-offender mediation: Lessons from the Japanese experience. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 12:233-248.
https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.3900120305
INPEC (Instituto Nacional Penitenciario y Carcelario) (2016). Informe estadístico 2016. Bogotá: Oficina Asesora de Planeación.
Ireland, J. L. (2004). Anger management therapy with young male offenders: An evaluation of treatment outcome. Aggressive Behavior, 30: 174-185.
https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20014
Ireland, J. & Culpin, V. (2005). The relationship between sleeping problems and aggression, anger, and impulsivity in a population of juvenile and young offenders. Journal of Adolescent Health, 38: 649-655.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2005.05.027
Kiyala, J. (2015). Challenges of reintegrating self-demobilised child soldiers in North Kivu Province: Prospects for accountability and reconciliation via Restorative Justice Peacemaking Circles. Hum Rights Rev, 16:99-122.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-015-0361-7
Lardén, M., Melin, L., Holst, U. & Langström, N. (2006). Moral judgment, cognitive distortions and empathy in incarcerated delinquent and community control adolescents. Psychology, Crime & Law, 12: 453-462.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10683160500036855
Latimer, J., Dowden, C. & Muise, D. (2005). The effectiveness of Restorative Justice practices: A Meta-Analysis. The Prison Journal, 85: 127-144.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885505276969
Llewellyn, J. & Howse, R. (1998). Restorative Justice: A conceptual framework. Ottawa: Law Commission of Canada.
Márquez, Á. (2010). Normatividad y características de la justicia restaurativa en el contexto nacional y su comparación en la legislación extranjera. Prolegómenos 13 (25): 251-275.
https://doi.org/10.18359/prole.2457
Marshall, T. F. (1996). The evolution of restorative justice in Britain. European Journal of Criminal Policy and Research, 4: 21-42.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02736712
McCold, P. (2000). Toward a holistic vision of restorative juvenile justice: A reply to the maximalist model. Contemporary Justice Review, 3, 4: 357- 414.
Moore, C. (2003). How mediation works. En: The mediation process: Practical strategies for resolving conflict. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass Publishers.
Mutter, R., Shemmings, D., Dugmore, P. & Hyare, M. (2008). Family group conferences in youth justice. Health Soc Care Community, 16: 262-70.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2008.00770.x
ONU (Organización de Naciones Unidas) (2002) . Principios básicos de la utilización de programas de justicia restaurativa en materia penal, en informe de la reunión del grupo de expertos sobre justicia restaurativa. Viena: Austria, Comisión de Prevención del Delito y Justicia Penal.
Robinson, R., Roberts, W., Strayer, J. & Koopman, R. (2007). Empathy and emotional responsiveness in delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents. Social Development, 16: 555-579.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.2007.00396.x
Rodríguez, L., Padilla, A., Rodríguez, L. S. & Díaz, F. (2010). Criterios para el diseño de un programa piloto de justicia restaurativa orientado a la atención de casos de violencia intrafamiliar en el Centro de Atención Integral a Víctimas de Violencia Intrafamiliar (CAVIF), de la Fiscalía General de la Nación en la ciudad de Bogotá (Colombia). Anuario de Psicología Jurídica, 20: 71- 82 .
https://doi.org/10.5093/jr2010v20a7
Sampedro, J. A. (2010). La justicia restaurativa: Una nueva vía, desde las víctimas, en la solución al conflicto penal. Int. Law: Revista Colombiana de Derecho Int. Ildi, 17: 87-124.
Schulz, W., Ainley, J., Friedman, T. & Lietz, P. (2011). ICCS 2009 Latin American Report. Civic knowledge and attitudes among lower-secondary students in six Latin American countries. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA). ACER. Nfer. Università degli Studi Roma Tre. ICCS, 2009.
Stuart, B. (2011). Circle sentencing in Canada: A partnership of the community and the criminal justice system. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 20: 291-309.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01924036.1996.9678578
Swaffer, T. & Hollin, C. (2001). Anger and general health in young offenders. The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry, 12: 90-103.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09585180010028409
Syukur, F. & Bagshaw, D. (2015). Victim-Offender Mediation with youth offenders in Indonesia. Conflict Resolution Quarterly, 32: 389-411.
https://doi.org/10.1002/crq.21120
Torrego, J. C. (2000). Mediación de conflictos en instituciones educativas. Madrid: Narcea.
Tsui, J. C. (2014). Breaking free of the prison paradigm: integrating restorative justice techniques into Chicago's juvenile justice system. The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 104: 636-665.
Umbreit, M. (1999). Victim-offender mediation in Canada: The impact of an emerging social work intervention. International Social Work, 42: 215-227.
https://doi.org/10.1177/002087289904200209
Umbreit, M. & Coates, R. (1993). Cross-site analysis of Victim-Offender Mediation in four states. Crime & Delinquency, 39:565-585.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0011128793039004010
Umbreit, M., Coates, R. & Vos, B. (2001). The impact of victim-offender mediation: Two decades of research. Federal Probation, 65 (3): 29-35.
Uotila, E. & Sambou, S. (2010). Victim-Offender Mediation in cases of intimate relationship violence-ideals, attitudes, and practices in Finland. Journal of Scandinavian Studies in Criminology & Crime Prevention, 11: 189-207.
https://doi.org/10.1080/14043858.2010.523555
Van Ness, D. W. (2007). Prisons and restorative justice. En: G. Johnstone & D. W. Van Ness (Eds.). Handbook of Restorative Justice (pp. 312-324). Uffculme, Devon: Willan Publishing.
Velásquez A. M. & Chaux, E. (2005). AVC-Agresión, Violencia & Competencias. Documento sin publicar. Bogotá: Universidad de los Andes.
Vieille, S. (2013). Frenemies: restorative justice and customary mechanisms of justice. Contemporary Justice Review, 16:174-192.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10282580.2012.734570
Wastell, C., Cairns, D. & Haywood, H. (2009). Empathy training, sex offenders and re-offending. Journal of Sexual Aggression: An International, Interdisciplinary Forum for Research, Theory and Practice, 15: 149-159.
https://doi.org/10.1080/13552600902792599
Zehr, H. (2002). The little book of Restorative Justice. Intercourse PA: Good Books.
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Licencia creative commons CC BY NC ND https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/2.0/