Fatores de proteção e risco associados ao comportamento delitivo em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.295Palavras-chave:
Delinquência Juvenil, Fatores de Delinquência Juvenil, Adolescentes, Análise de Risco, Comportamentos de Risco em AdolescentesResumo
A delinquência juvenil implica a realização de condutas classificadas como crime, segundo um marco legal, por uma população isenta de plenas responsabilidades jurídicas. Dadas as mudanças biológicas, cognitivas e sociais que convergem durante a adolescência, é necessário que a partir da psicologia seja enriquecido o contexto teórico sobre as variáveis que afetam o aparecimento de condutas classificadas como crime neste período vital. Por esse motivo, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo descrever os fatores de risco e proteção para a manifestação de comportamentos delitivos na adolescência. O método desenvolvido consistiu em uma revisão sistemática de literatura, especificamente de artigos empíricos publicados em espanhol e inglês nas bases de datos Scopus e Redalyc no período de janeiro de 1998 a junho de 2019. Como resultado, foram encontrados 2.202 estudos e, após o processo de triagem e verificação dos critérios de exclusão e inclusão, foram selecionados 41 artigos como unidades de análise. Na leitura dos textos completos dos artigos selecionados, com base no modelo bioecológico de Bronfenbrenner (1987), foram identificados 16 fatores de risco no microssistema e quatro no exossistema, além de 13 fatores da dimensão pessoal. Da mesma forma, foram encontrados fatores de proteção, sete enquadrados no microssistema, um no exossistema e sete na dimensão pessoal. A discussão dos resultados está centrada nas considerações a levar em conta nos programas de prevenção e intervenção das condutas classificadas como crime na adolescência.
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