A internacionalização das redes de contrabando de migrantes entre o México e os Estados Unidos
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.306Palavras-chave:
Contrabando de migrantes, contrabandistas de migrantes, empregadoresResumo
Este artigo, baseado em entrevistas realizadas entre 2008 e 2019 com 192 contrabandistas de migrantes, tem como objetivo analisar o processo de internacionalização das redes de contrabando de migrantes entre o México e os Estados Unidos. Este trabalho começa estudando comparativamente o trabalho dos teóricos que enfatizam que as redes de contrabando de migrantes têm experimentado um grau crescente de complexidade, realocação e internacionalização, e aqueles que apontam que essas redes não sofreram mudanças significativas. O método e os atores entrevistados são descritos abaixo. Posteriormente, os resultados desta pesquisa indicam que entre 2008 e 2019 há predominância das redes locais para uma preponderância das redes internacionais. Nos primeiros migrantes e polleros estão unidos por laços de paisanaje e amizade. Neste último, não há ligações entre esses atores. Por fim, conclui-se que as redes internacionais representam um risco maior para os migrantes, uma vez que, se algum acidente acontecer, as famílias de migrantes não podem pedir explicações ou responsabilizar os contrabandistas.
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