Quais determinantes se relacionam com a percepção de insegurança? Uma análise estatística e espacial para a cidade de Bogotá, D.C.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47741/17943108.49Palavras-chave:
percepção de segurança, medo, crime, pesquisa de vitimização, segurançaResumo
A insegurança e a percepção de insegurança são fenômenos diferentes. Embora poderia se pensar que deveriam ser concomitantes, a evidência tem mostrado que esse não é sempre o caso. O objetivo é encontrar quais são os determinantes da percepção de insegurança em Bogotá. Assim mesmo, pretendese encontrar se existem efeitos heterogêneos por género, renda e nível de escolaridade. De igual maneira, analisa-se a incidência que tem o conhecimento acerca de programas de segurança cidadã sobre a percepção de segurança da população. Para isso se utilizaram a Encuesta de Convivencia y Seguridad Ciudadana e a Encuesta de Percepción, pelo DANE e pela Câmara de Comércio, respectivamente, para fazer uma descrição estatística e espacial dos dados na cidade, na localidade e no lar em Bogotá, por meio da análise da relação entre vitimização (delitos cometidos contra a pessoa) e a percepção de insegurança. Além, se realizaram estimativas probabilísticas que respondessem à pergunta de interesse, separando os efeitos para grupos populacionais, com o objetivo de identificar a existência de resultados heterogêneos. Como resultados principais, se encontrou uma forte relação entre a exposição aos delitos, como furto (a pessoas e nas vivendas), homicídios e brigas, e a percepção de insegurança no bairro. Também, as mulheres e a população de baixos recursos tendem a sentir mais insegurança no seu lugar de residência. Finalmente, conhecer programas de segurança cidadã –como o plan cuadrantes ou planos comunitários–, não tem relação nenhuma com a sensação de insegurança no bairro.
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